Which vital signs measure primarily the cardiovascular system?

Blood pressure and heart rate are vital signs directly associated with the cardiovascular system. Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of the arteries, reflecting how well the heart is pumping and how effectively it is circulating blood throughout the body. Heart rate indicates how many times the heart beats in a minute and is essential for assessing how well the heart is functioning in terms of delivering oxygenated blood to tissues and organs.

In contrast, temperature and respiratory rate primarily reflect the body's metabolic activity and respiratory function rather than cardiovascular health. Weight and height are measurements that provide information about overall health and growth rather than specific cardiovascular function. Oxygen saturation indicates how well oxygen is being carried in the blood and is related to respiratory health and function, while pain levels can signify various health issues but do not directly measure cardiovascular status. Therefore, blood pressure and heart rate are the key indicators for assessing the cardiovascular system.