How does the nurse assess for dehydration in an older adult?

Assessing for dehydration in an older adult involves recognizing the specific physical and cognitive signs that indicate fluid loss. Checking for dry skin, confusion, and changes in vital signs encompasses a comprehensive approach to identifying dehydration.

Dry skin is a classic indicator of dehydration, as adequate fluid levels are crucial for maintaining skin turgor and elasticity. Confusion or altered mental status can occur in older adults with dehydration due to reduced cerebral blood flow and electrolyte imbalances. Changes in vital signs, such as increased heart rate and low blood pressure, are critical physiological responses to decreased fluid volume, further demonstrating the severity of dehydration.

The other options do not effectively capture the specific signs that are commonly associated with dehydration in older adults. For example, examining nails for brittleness might provide some information about overall health or nutritional status, but it does not directly indicate fluid loss. Evaluating diet and exercise patterns may help in understanding the individual's lifestyle but won't reveal current hydration status. Performing a cognitive assessment alone does not address the physical signs of dehydration, even though cognitive function can be affected by it. By focusing on the three specific areas of dry skin, confusion, and changes in vital signs, the nurse can accurately assess for signs of dehydration in older adults.